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國內現有的金屬耐磨管使用現狀
國內現有的耐(nai)磨(mo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材品種(zhong)較(jiao)多。以往在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)階段、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)系統(tong)使(shi)用(yong)過的材料主要有低合金(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鑄(zhu)石復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、高鉻(ge)(ge)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、高鉻(ge)(ge)鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、稀土合金(jin)(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、10CrMoAl管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、橡(xiang)膠襯里復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑料襯里復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)貼(tie)片管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、超高分(fen)子量(liang)(liang)聚乙烯(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以及陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)復合鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。這些耐(nai)磨(mo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從使(shi)用(yong)條件、所需配件、安裝(zhuang)要求(qiu)到產品質量(liang)(liang)、使(shi)用(yong)性能(neng)等(deng)各(ge)方面(mian)來看,差異較(jiao)大,實際應用(yong)過程(cheng)中各(ge)有特色,優(you)缺(que)點也(ye)較(jiao)明顯。
普通碳鋼(gang)管(guan)、錳鋼(gang)管(guan)等(deng)一些低合金鋼(gang)管(guan),重(zhong)量輕、安裝方便、價格低,初次投資費(fei)用(yong)(yong)較低,但(dan)耐磨性(xing)一般、使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命短(duan)、檢(jian)修工作量大,更(geng)換(huan)相當頻(pin)繁,使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中發(fa)生的二次檢(jian)修和維護(hu)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)相當高(gao),管(guan)道運行成本按每年平(ping)均折(zhe)算,其費(fei)用(yong)(yong)相對較高(gao),且使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命短(duan),目(mu)前(qian)基(ji)本上被其它耐磨材料所替代。
鑄(zhu)石(shi)復(fu)合管是由外套(tao)鋼管內襯玄武巖(yan)或灰綠巖(yan)鑄(zhu)石(shi)、中間由水泥沙漿充填(tian)固定而成。鑄(zhu)石(shi)復(fu)合管耐磨性尚(shang)可,但管壁(bi)厚,管徑非標,且管線(xian)占據空間大,重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)重(zhong)(zhong),安(an)裝時(shi)支架耗用鋼材(cai)多(duo)。產品(pin)還存在鑄(zhu)石(shi)結晶不好、空洞、裂紋、脫落(luo)等缺陷。近幾年(nian)也很少采(cai)用。
高(gao)鉻鑄(zhu)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、高(gao)鉻鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)及稀土合金(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等直管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采用離心(xin)澆鑄(zhu)成(cheng)型,彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)沙型鑄(zhu)造(zao),耐(nai)磨性(xing)是(shi)低合金(jin)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的數倍(bei),抗磨損耐(nai)沖刷(shua)性(xing)能(neng)比(bi)(bi)較好。但(dan)是(shi),高(gao)鉻鑄(zhu)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑屬(shu)非標系(xi)列(lie),且可焊(han)性(xing)差,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)配(pei)件少,彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和分支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)均需與鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)配(pei)套使(shi)用,尤其受澆鑄(zhu)工藝的限制,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁相當厚,單位長度重量大,價格(ge)較高(gao);同時亦存在鑄(zhu)造(zao)砂眼、氣孔(kong)多等缺陷(xian),使(shi)用壽命有(you)時也較短(duan)。按單位長度性(xing)能(neng)價格(ge)比(bi)(bi)計算,并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)一種(zhong)理想(xiang)的耐(nai)磨管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材。
10CrMoAl管主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)抗磨損(sun)耐腐(fu)蝕工況,具有一定的(de)(de)耐海(hai)水腐(fu)蝕和抗灰渣(zha)磨損(sun)性能(neng),通常(chang)在沿(yan)海(hai)地區電廠(chang)用(yong)(yong)作灰渣(zha)濕態排放時的(de)(de)輸送管。該管使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時必須(xu)安裝一套犧(xi)牲陽(yang)極裝置,費用(yong)(yong)較高,而且實際(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果不太理想,經常(chang)在焊縫(feng)區發生嚴重的(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕滲漏,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命較短。目前(qian)很少使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。
不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管的(de)材質主要是(shi)316型或(huo)304型,常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)于有腐(fu)(fu)蝕與磨損共存工(gong)況(kuang),一般在(zai)(zai)煙(yan)道灰氣pH處理(li)裝置(zhi)的(de)各(ge)種管道及其排(pai)渣除(chu)灰海(hai)水管中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)管具(ju)有一定的(de)抗腐(fu)(fu)蝕性(xing)能,但(dan)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)價(jia)格貴(gui),耐磨性(xing)一般,同時易被海(hai)水中(zhong)氯離子產生晶界腐(fu)(fu)蝕或(huo)點腐(fu)(fu)蝕,在(zai)(zai)某些場(chang)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)不到一年(nian)就(jiu)磨穿或(huo)腐(fu)(fu)蝕泄漏,目前是(shi)在(zai)(zai)沒有其它(ta)較好(hao)的(de)替換材料(liao)(liao)(liao)情(qing)況(kuang)下才(cai)勉強使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)襯(chen)(chen)里(li)復合(he)管是(shi)在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)管內擠(ji)壓一層(ceng)聚(ju)氯乙烯塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)聚(ju)乙烯塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)聚(ju)丙烯塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao),價(jia)格適(shi)中(zhong),但(dan)耐磨性(xing)不太好(hao),很(hen)少采用(yong)(yong);橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)襯(chen)(chen)里(li)復合(he)管和陶(tao)瓷貼片管均采用(yong)(yong)化學粘接(jie)方法,在(zai)(zai)鋼(gang)管內動態硫化一層(ceng)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)粘接(jie)劑粘結馬賽克陶(tao)瓷片。
這兩種耐磨(mo)(mo)管材(cai)受鋼(gang)管內(nei)壁表面(mian)質量、使(shi)用(yong)溫度以及粘結(jie)劑性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)影響很(hen)大(da),被粘結(jie)的(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠襯(chen)層容易鼓包、分層和脫落(luo),而(er)陶瓷貼片常因(yin)顆(ke)粒沖擊、機械(xie)振動(dong)或(huo)溫度波動(dong)而(er)發生脫落(luo),故已很(hen)少使(shi)用(yong);超高(gao)分子量聚乙烯管是用(yong)擠壓方(fang)法成型的(de)(de),其(qi)耐磨(mo)(mo)性(xing)較好并有一(yi)定的(de)(de)阻結(jie)垢性(xing)能(neng),但價(jia)格昂貴,而(er)且材(cai)料的(de)(de)抗磨(mo)(mo)性(xing)能(neng)及其(qi)它機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)會隨時間(jian)出現一(yi)定程度的(de)(de)老化和劣化現象,基于性(xing)能(neng)價(jia)格比考慮,難于大(da)面(mian)積推廣(guang)應用(yong),尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)通徑大(da)于250mm的(de)(de)大(da)口(kou)徑耐磨(mo)(mo)管上使(shi)用(yong)。
